Journal: PLoS ONE
Article Title: Riociguat prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury and pulmonary hypertension in neonatal rats without effects on long bone growth
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199927
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Immunostaining for Mac-3, a macrophage marker. ( B ) The alveolar airspace macrophage population was increased by hyperoxia exposure as compared to normoxia. Administration of riociguat decreased macrophage count during hyperoxia. *** P < 0.001 compared with normoxia; ++ P < 0.01 compared with hyperoxia + placebo (n = 6/group). ( C ) Immunostaining for the M1 marker, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and M2 markers, chitinase 3-like 3 (Ym1) and resistin-like molecule alpha (RELM-α) showed that in hyperoxia plus placebo lungs, both M1 and M2 polarized macrophages were detected. But, treatment with riociguat decreased only M1 macrophages in hyperoxia-exposed lungs. ( D ) Representative Western blots for NLRP-1, active caspase-1 and active IL-1β. Administration of riociguat decreased hyperoxia-induced lung expression of ( E ) NLRP-1 (*** P < 0.001 compared with normoxia; + P < 0.05 compared with hyperoxia + placebo), ( F ) active caspase-1 (*** P < 0.001 compared with normoxia; ++ P < 0.05 compared with hyperoxia + placebo), and ( G ) active IL-1β (* P < 0.05 compared with normoxia; +++ P < 0.001 compared with hyperoxia + placebo). RA: room air, normoxia; O 2 : hyperoxia; PL: placebo; Rio: riociguat.
Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunostaining, double immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analyses: a rabbit anti-vonWillebrand factor (vWF) antibody from Dako (Carpinteria, CA); a mouse anti- α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) from Sigma (Saint Louis, MI); a rat anti-Mac3 antibody from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA); rabbit anti-Ki67, anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), anti-chitinase 3-like 3 (Ym1), and anti-NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP-1) antibodies from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); rabbit anti-caspase-1 and anti-connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) antibodies, and a goat anti-resistin-like molecule alpha (RELM-α) antibody from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX)); a goat anti-IL-1β antibody from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN).
Techniques: Immunostaining, Marker, Western Blot, Expressing